Dr James Augustus Rooth (1868-1962) was a colonel of the Royal Army Medical Corps a member of the Royal College of Surgeons and house surgeon at the Radcliffe Infirmary, Oxford. Born in London, the son of John Wilcoxon Rooth, Barrister-at-law (1835-1874), and Elizabeth (1825-1917), daughter of Henry Smith (attorney) of Bristol. Educated at Highgate School and University College University of Oxford where he read history (BA 1890)[1] he was the doctor in charge of the delivery of Violet and Daisy Hilton, conjoined twins born in Brighton in 1908 and the first to live to adulthood. He provided a medical account of them for the British Medical Journal.[2]